Battle of Surabaya is a historical event of war between the Indonesian army and the Dutch troops. This major event took place on 10 November 1945 in the city of Surabaya, East Java.The entry of Japanese troops to Indonesia
On March 1, 1942, Japanese troops landed on the island of Java, and seven days later, on March 8, the Dutch surrendered unconditionally to the Japanese by appointment Kalidjati. Since then, Indonesia was occupied by the Japanese.Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
Three years later, Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies after the dropping of the atomic bomb (the United States) in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The incident occurred in August 1945. Fill the vacancy, Indonesia then proclaimed independence on August 17, 1945.The entry of British and Dutch troops
People and fighters Indonesia has attempted to disarm the Japanese troops. Thus arose the battles that claimed in many areas. When the movement to disarm the Japanese troops was raging, dated 15 September 1945, British troops landed in Jakarta, then landed in Surabaya on October 25. British soldiers brought to Indonesia over the decision, and on behalf of the Allies, with the task to disarm the Japanese army, freeing the prisoners were detained Japan, and repatriate Japanese troops to the country. But, in addition, the British army was also on a mission to restore Indonesia to the Dutch government as a colony. NICA (Netherlands Indies Civil Administration) took hitchhiking with a group of British soldiers. That is throwing a tantrum Indonesian people everywhere.The incident at the Hotel Yamato, Tunjungan, Surabaya
After the advent of government edict dated August 31, 1945 which stipulates that beginning 1 September 1945 the national flag flown at the Red and White continues in Indonesia, flag hoisting movement expanding to all corners of the city.
At various strategic places and other places, the flag was hoisted after another. Among others on the terrace above the Residency Office Building (office Syucokan, governorate building now, Jl Heroes) located in front of the building Kempeitai (now Monument Heroes), at the Internatio building, followed by rows of young men from all over the Surabaya carrying red and white flag come to Tambaksari (field Gelora 10 November) to attend a rally organized by Barisan Youth Surabaya.
When the field was full of red flags Tambaksari white, accompanied by bellowing 'Merdeka' buzzing in the sky. Although the Kempeitai prohibited the holding of the meeting, but they are powerless against the spirit of the masses that tempestuous middle. Flag-raising climax movements in Surabaya torn flag incident happened at Yamato Hoteru / or Oranje Hotel Yamato Hotel, Jl. Tunjungan no. 65 Surabaya.
At first the Japanese and Indo-Dutch was out of the internment construct an organization, the Committee of Social Contacts, which got the full support of Japan. The formation of this committee is sponsored by the International Red Cross (Intercross). However, Intercross overturned their political activities. They tried to take over warehouses and some places have them occupied, such as Hotel Yamato. On 18 September 1945, came in Surabaya (Gunungsari) Allied officers and the Netherlands from the Allied Command (Allied representatives) together with the group Intercross from Jakarta.
Allied Group by Japan placed Yamato Hotel, Jl Tunjungan 65, while the group at the House Intercross Satan, Jl Tunjungan 80 Surabaya, Surabaya residency without the permission of the Government. And since it was used as headquarters RAPWI Yamato (Rehabilitation of Allied Prisoners of War and Internees, Rehabilitation Assistance to Prisoners of War and internees).
Because of his position was strong, a group of Dutch people under the leadership of Mr. WVCh Ploegman on the afternoon of 18 September 1945, exactly at 21.00, flying the flag of the Netherlands (Red-White-Blue), without the approval of the Regional Government of Indonesia Surabaya, on the pole at the top of Yamato Hotel, on the northern flank. The next day when the youth saw Surabaya, instantly enraged. They considered the Dutch want to stick his power back in the country of Indonesia, and is considered harassing flag hoisting movements are taking place in Surabaya.
As soon as the news spread throughout the city of Surabaya, a moment Jl. Tunjungan overrun by people, ranging from students teens to young adults, all ready to face any eventuality. Massa continued to flow until filled the hotel and adjoining courtyard filled with outbursts of mass anger. Somewhat to the rear courtyard hotel, some Japanese soldiers look just in case. The current situation it becomes very explosive.Soon came the Resident Sudirman. Arrival accomplished warrior and diplomat who was serving as the Deputy Resident (Fuku Syuco Gunseikan) which is recognized by the government Dai Nippon Syu Surabaya, Surabaya as well as the Regional Resident GoI, parting the crowd and went into the hotel. He wants to negotiate with Mr. Ploegman et al. Sudirman in the talks called for immediate tricolor flag lowered.Ploegman resist, even violently threatening, "the Allied Forces had won the war, and because the Netherlands is a member of the Allies, the Dutch Government has the right to re-enforce the Dutch East Indies government. Republic of Indonesia? We do not admit it. "Picking up a revolver, forcing Ploegman Sudirman to get out and let fly the Dutch flag.
Seeing is not favorable, the young man accompanying Sidik and Hariyono Sudirman take tactical steps. Fingerprint kicking from hand Ploegman revolver. Revolver was bounced and exploded without hitting anyone. Sudirman Hariyono immediately brought out, while Sidik continues to grapple with Ploegman and strangled to death. Some of the Dutch soldiers barged in because we heard the gun, and as he drew his long sword and disabetkan toward Sidik. Sidik fell down.
Outside the hotel, the young men who knew the incident was immediately pushed into the hotel and there was a fight in the face of the hotel. Some others, scramble up to the top of the hotel to drop off the Dutch flag. Hariyono along Sudirman originally became involved in climbing the flagpole. Finally he managed to lose with Kusno Wibowo Dutch flag, ripping the blue section, and mengereknya to the top of the pile again. Masses of people welcoming the successful raising of the red flag with the white cries of "Freedom" repeatedly, as a sign of victory, honor and sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia.
Then the first battle erupted between Indonesia against the British army on October 27, 1945. The attacks were apparently little later transformed into a general attack which almost destroy the entire British army, before finally General DC Hawthorn President Sukarno's call for help to defuse the situation.
Death of Brigadier General Mallaby
After the ceasefire between the Indonesian and British soldiers signed on October 29, 1945, the state gradually subsided. But even so it still unrest between the people and the British troops in Surabaya. Armed clashes with British troops in Surabaya, culminating in the murder of Brigadier General Mallaby, (head of the British army for the East Java), on October 30, 1945. Buick was carrying Brigadier General Mallaby was intercepted by a group of Indonesian militias when going past the Red Bridge. Due to a misunderstanding, then there was a shooting that led to a car exploded British general hit. The car was charred.
Ultimatum 10 November 1945
After
the killing of Brigadier General Mallaby, his successor (Major General
Mansergh) issued an ultimatum that is an insult to the fighters and
people in general. In
ultimatum stated that all the leaders and people of Indonesia were
armed to report and put the gun in a determined and surrendered with
arms raised. Limit ultimatum is at 6:00 am on 10 November 1945.
The ultimatum was rejected by Indonesia. Therefore, the Republic of Indonesia at that time had stood (although recently proclaimed), and the People's Security Army (TKR) as a tool of the state has also been established.
In addition, many organizations struggle that has shaped the community, including youth, students and learners. Agencies struggle that has emerged as a common manifestation determination to defend the young republic, to disarm the Japanese troops, and to oppose the re-entry of Dutch colonialism (the ride with the presence of British troops in Indonesia).
On 10 November morning, British troops began a massive offensive and awesome one, by deploying some 30,000 troops, 50 aircraft, and a large number of warships.
Various parts of the city of Surabaya bombarded with bombs, fired indiscriminately with cannon from the sea and land. Thousands of people were affected, many died and many more were injured. However, resistance fighters also raged throughout the city, with the active assistance of the residents.
The British assumed that the resistance of the people of Indonesia in Surabaya can be conquered within 3 days, with a complete deploy modern weaponry, including aircraft, warships, tanks, and armored vehicles were quite a lot.
But unexpectedly, it was the community leaders who comprise the 'ulama' and the Javanese cottage kyais like KH. Hashim Ash'ari, KH. Wahab Hasbullah and other boarding kyais exert their students-students and the general public (at that time the community was not so obedient to the government but they are more docile and obedient to the clerics) also young pioneers such as Bung Tomo and others. So the fight could last a long time, going from day to day, and from week to week more. Resistance of the people who initially spontaneous and uncoordinated, increasingly organized. This massive battle takes up to a month, before the city fell in the hands of the British.The bloody events in Surabaya when it also had to move people around the Indonesian resistance to repel the invaders and defend freedom. Fighters were killed and many people were victimized when was later remembered as Heroes' Day.(ar)